I. INTRODUCTION
The level and quality of watermelon production in Indonesia is still relatively low. This is mainly due to the hard ground, poor nutrients and hormones, which are not balanced fertilization, pest and plant diseases, the influence of weather / climate, and farmers' cultivation technical.
PT. Natural Nusantara effort to assist farmers in increasing production in Quantity and Quality by maintaining the preservation of the environment (aspect of K-3).
II. GROWTH REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Climate
Ideal rainfall 40-50 mm / month. The whole area of cropping necessary sunlight from sunrise to drown. The optimal temperature ± 250 C. Watermelons grown in the lowlands suitable to a height of 600 m above sea level.
2.2. Planting media
Fairly loose soil conditions, rich in organic matter, not the acid soil and garden soil / rice field that has been dried. Matches on sandy loam soil types. Soil acidity (pH) 6 - 6,7.
III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES CULTIVATION
3.1. Seeding
3.1.1. Media Preparation Plant
- Prepare Natural GLIO: 1-2 Natural packaging GLIO mixed with 25-50 kg of manure to land 1000 m2. Leave it + a week in the shade by always keeping the humidity and the occasional stirring (reversed).
- Mix finely ground (already filtered) two parts or two buckets (volume 10 lt), animal manure that has been sifted finely cooked as much as one part or a bucket, TSP (± 50 g) was dissolved in 2 cap NASA POC, and Natural GLIO that have been bred in manure (1-3 kg). Insert the media small polybag seedlings into 8x10 cm to fill up to 90%.
3.1.2. Seed germination techniques
The seed is inserted into the fabric and then tied up, then soaked in a concoction: one liter of warm water temperatures 20-250C NASA POC + 1 tablespoon (soaked 8-12 hours). Seeds in the bond is taken, wrapped in newspaper and then diperam 1-2 days. If there are planted and germinated taken to add water if dry and wrapped in cloth and then put the paper again.
3.1.3. Maintenance Plant Seed and Nursery Stock
- Media seedlings watered sufficiently clean water. Seed elected candidates have long roots 2-3 mm, direct sowing in polybags as deep as 1 to 1.5 cm.
- The bag is placed seedbed row to full sunlight. Given the protection of transparent plastic, one end / edge open.
- Spray POC NASA to spur the development of seedlings, carried out routinely every 3-4 days. Watering 1-2 times a day. At the age of 12-14 days of planting seeds.
3.2. Media Processing Plant
3.2.1. Land Opening
Piracy + 30 cm deep, crushed and flattened. Clean the area from the remnants of roots and stones.
3.2.2. Formation bedengan
6-8 m wide beds, a minimum 20 cm bed height.
3.2.3. Calcification
6 dibutuhkan dolomit sebanyak 50 kg." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The use of lime per 1000 m2 of land at pH 4-5 is required 150-200 kg of dolomite, pH of 5-6 is required 75-150 kg dolomite and pH> 6 is needed as much as 50 kg of dolomite.
3.2.4. Basic Fertilization
a. Manure, 600 kg / ha, provided on the surface of the bed about a week before planting.
b. Inorganic fertilizers such as TSP (200 kg / ha), ZA (140 kg / ha) and KCl (130 kg / ha).
c. Poc NASA has enough water mixed with a dose above the bed 1-2 botol/1000 + m2. The result will be better if replaced SUPER POC NASA NASA, the dose of 1-2 botol/1000 m2 with:
Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 lt water was given 200 cc of solution to flush the parent before bed.
Alternative 2: every one yells were given a volume of 10 lt tablespoon pressed NASA to flush SUPER + 10-meter bed.
3.2.5. Other
Beds need weeding, watering and mulching with plastic were 110-150 cm in width in order to prevent water evaporation and weed growth. On top of dry straw mulch coated to a thickness of 2-3 cm and laying of propagation watermelon fruit.
3.3. Planting Technique
3.3.1. Hole Making Plant
Conducted one week before planting with a depth of 80-10 cm. Is 20-30 cm from the edge of the bed with the distance between holes of about 90-100 cm.
3.3.2. Planting Time
Planting should be in the morning or late afternoon and then the seeds watered until quite wet.
3.4. Plant Maintenance
3.4.1. Stitching
Should be performed 3-5 days after planting.
3.4.2. Weeding
Watermelon plants just enough to have two pieces, with settings that tend to be more primary branches. Maintained without cutting twigs 2-3 secondary branches. Keep weeding on a branch that is not useful, the tip of the secondary branches trimmed and is left 2 leaves. Secondary branches that grow on the cut fruit segments exist for disturbing the growth of the fruit.
3.4.3. Perempelan
Done by take the young shoots that are not useful because they affect the growth of trees / fruit growing watermelons.
3.4.4. Irrigation and Watering
Irrigation through the channels between beds at intervals of 4-6 days. Volume irrigation should not be excessive.
3.4.6. Spraying Time HORMONIK
Spray HORMONIK similar growth regulators / hormones naturally. HORMONIK Dose: 1-2 cc / lt of water or 1-2 + 3-4 close the lid HORMONIK NASA POC every spray tank. Spraying at the age of 21-70 days, seven days interval.
3.4.7. Other Maintenance
Choose fruit that is big enough, lies between 1.0 to 1.5 m from the roots of plants, good shape and not disabled. Each candidate is required fruit plants fruit 1-2, the rest in the barbershop. Since the candidates ± 2 kg of fruit is often reversed in order to avoid unfavorable color imbalance due to sunlight.
3.5. Pests and Diseases
3.5.1 Pests
a. Thrips
Small-sized slender, pale yellow-black, has a segmented body-segment antennae. The transmission is wandering by night, and settle and breed. Control: spray or PESTONA BVR.
b. Destroyer Leaves Caterpillars
Green with black stripe / yellow striped green, symptoms: leaves eaten until the live layer of wax and looks from afar like a hole in it. Control: Natural Vitura done spraying or PESTONA.
c. Mite
Little red beast somewhat yellowish / greenish small sucking plant fluids. Sign, it appears the nets this animal nests beneath the surface of the leaf, the color of the leaves will be pale. Control: Spray or PESTONA BVR.
d. Caterpillars Land
Freckle black, 2-5 cm body length, actively destroying and moving at night. Attack the leaves, especially the young shoots, adult worm preys on the base of the plant. Control: (1) planting simultaneously on adjacent areas to break the life cycle of pests and eradicate the nest of moths around it, (2) control by spraying Natural Vitura / Virexi or PESTONA.
e. Fruit Fly
Characteristics which have transparent wings with yellow spots and has a trunk. Signs of an attack: there are scars on the skin of fruit (such as stab the proboscis), smelled slightly sour fruit and visible bruises. Control: cleaning up the environment, soil pests former reversed with hijacked / hoe, the installation of the fruit fly traps and sprays PESTONA.
3.5.2. Disease
a. Fusarium wilt
Causes: environment / situations that allow fungi to grow (the weather is too humid). Symptoms: arise rot in plants that had been lush and fertile. Control: (1) with a rotation period of planting and maintaining the environmental conditions, planting new acreage fallow, (2) of Natural GLIO before or at planting time.
b. Leaf spots
Cause: The spores of the germs carried by the wind from other plants affected. Symptoms: leaf surfaces have yellow spots later become brown and eventually dry up and die, or there is a subtle colored tassel abu-abu/ungu. Control: as in the fusarium wilt disease.
c. Antraknosa
The cause: such as fusarium wilt disease. Symptoms: leaves look brown spots that eventually turn a reddish color and the leaves eventually die. When attacking the fruit, pink dots appear that over time more and more widespread. Control: controlling diseases such as fusarium wilt.
d. Seedling rot
Attack on the seeds being planted. Symptoms: stem brown seeds, propagate and then fell dead. Control: Natural granting GLIO before seeding on seedling media.
e. Fruit Rot
Causes: fungal / bacterial pathogens that infect the fruit before ripe and active after the fruit began to be picked. Control: avoid skin damage and prevent the occurrence of fruit, either during transport or storage, fruit picking done during the day is not cloudy or rain.
f. Leaf Rust
The cause: a virus carried by pest plants that grow on plant leaves. Symptoms: blistered leaves, mottled, tend to change shape, stunted crops and longitudinal fractures occur on the trunk. Control: same as fusarium wilt disease.
Note: If the pest control using natural pesticides can not cope with chemical pesticides used. In order for the spraying of chemical pesticides can be uneven and not easily lost by rain water add AERO Adhesives Straighten with a dose of 810 + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.
3.6. Harvest
3.6.1.Characteristics and Harvest Time
Age harvested after 70-100 days after planting. Characteristics: fruit color change, and stem the fruit begins to diminish, the fruit could be picked (harvested).
3.6.2. The way to harvest
Picking the fruit should be carried out during fine weather so that the fruit in dry conditions the surface of the skin, and lasts for save nor in the hands of retailers. Should be done along with a watermelon cutting the stalks.
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