INTRODUCTIONPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the main source of carbohydrates, thereby becoming an important commodity. PT. NUSANTARA NATURAL national efforts to improve potato production in quantity, quality and equipment based on environmental sustainability (Aspect 3K).
GROWTH REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Climate
The average rainfall is 1500 mm / year, radiation is 90-10 hours / day, an optimal temperature of 18-21 ° C, humidity 80-90% and an altitude between 1000-3000 m above sea level.
2.2. Planting media
Crumb structure, loose, many containing organic materials, berdrainase well and has deep topsoil and pH between 5.8 to 7.0.
TECHNICAL GUIDELINES CULTIVATION
3.1. Seeding
- Bulbs seed tuber production comes from weighing 30-50 grams, aged 150-180 days, is not disabled, and superior varieties. Select a medium-sized tubers, has 3-5 buds and only to the fourth generation only. After bud + 2 cm, ready to be planted.
- When you buy seeds (try a certified seeds), weight between 30-45 grams with 3-5 buds. Planting can be done without / with cleavage. Cutting tubers into 2-4 pieces performed by the existing buds. Before planting bulbs soaked first using NASA POC for 1-3 hours (2-4 cc / lt of water).
3.2. Media Processing Plant
Land plowed 30-40 cm and leave for two weeks before the beds are made with a width of 70 cm (1 plant lines) / 140 cm (two lines of plants), height 30 cm and create a drainage channel 50 cm deep and 50 cm wide.
Natural Glio who have first bred in the animal manure + a week, were scattered evenly on the bed (dosage: 1-2 Natural packaging Glio mixed fertilizer kandang/1000 50-100 kg m2).
3.3. Planting Technique
3.3.1. Basic Fertilization
a. Inorganic fertilizers such as urea (200 kg / ha), SP 36 (200 kg / ha), and KCl (75 kg / ha).
b. NASA POC Pour fertilizer was mixed in enough water evenly over the bed, the dose of 1-2 bottles / 1000 m². Results would be great if you use SUPER NASA by:
Alternative 1: 1 bottle of Super Nasa diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 lt water was given 200 cc of solution to flush the parent before bed.
Alternative 2: every one yells vol 10 lt was given one tablespoon of Super Nasa pressed to flush the 10-meter bed.
Watering POC NASA / SUPER NASA conducted before manure application.
c. Please provide 5-6 tons of manure / ha (mixed beds or on land given to the planting hole) one week before planting,
3.3.2. Investment mode
The distance depends on varieties of plants, 80 cm x 40 cm or 70 x 30 cm with the needs of seeds + 1300-1700 kg / ha (30-45 g weight of tuber). Planting time at the end of the rainy season (April to June).
3.4. Plant Maintenance
3.4.1. Stitching
Stitching to replace plants that do not grow / growing ugly performed 15 days since grown.
3.4.2. Weeding
Weeding is performed at least twice during the 2-3 days prior to planting / fertilizing along with follow-up and penggemburan.
3.4.3. Pruning Flowers
At flowering varieties of potatoes which should be trimmed to prevent disruption of tuber formation process, because it happened seizure of nutrients.
3.4.4. Fertilization aftershock
a. Macroeconomic Fertilisers
Urea / ZA: 21 days after planting (dap) 300 kg / ha and 45 days after 150 kg / ha.
SP-36: 21 dap 250 kg / ha.
KCl: 21 dap 150 kg / ha and 45 dap 75 kg / ha.
Fertilizer macro given distance 10 cm from the stems of plants.
b. NASA POC: from age one week until 10 or 11 weeks.
Alternative I: 80-10 times (intervals of once a week with a dose of 4 cap / tank or a bottle (500 cc) / 200 liter drum of water.
Alternative II: 5-6 times (interval 2 mingu once with a dose of 6 cap / tank or 1.5 bottles (750 cc) / 200 liter drum of water.
c. HORMONIK: NASA POC spraying would be optimal if mixed HORMONIK (1-2 doses cap / tank or + 2-3 bottles / drums 200 liters of water).
3.4.5. Irrigation
Irrigation of seven days once routinely with the yells, Power sprayers or by irrigating ditch until moist areas (about 15-20 minutes).
3.5. Pests and Diseases
3.5.1. Pest
Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura)
Symptoms: larvae attack the leaves until exhausted leaves. Control: (1) cut the leaves that have been plastered eggs, (2) spraying Vitura Natural and environmental sanitation.
Aphids (Aphis Sp)
Symptoms: aphids suck the fluids and infected plants, can also transmit the virus. Control: cut and burn infected leaves and spraying PESTONA or BVR.
Orong-orong (Gryllotalpa Sp)
Symptoms: attack the tubers in a garden, root, young shoots and young plants. As a result, plants become susceptible to bacterial infections. Control: Pengocoran PESTONA.
Root borer (Phtorimae poerculella Zael)
Symptoms: dark red leaves and looks like the fabric of gray yarn which is a caterpillar wrapping material. Bulbs are attacked when cut open, visible holes because some tubers have been eaten. Control: Pengocoran PESTONA.
Pests trips (Thrips tabaci)
Symptoms: the leaves have white spots, was transformed into silver-gray and dry. The attack started from the tips of young leaves. Control: (1) cutting the leaf attacked, (2) using PESTONA or BVR.
3.5.2. Disease
Late blight
Cause: The fungus Phytopthora infestans. Symptoms: small patches resulting green-gray and slightly moist until the color changed to brown to black with white edges that are sporangium and leaf rot / die. Control: field sanitation. Prevention by use of Natural Glio on or before the beginning of planting.
Bacterial wilt disease
Cause: Pseudomonas solanacearum. Symptoms: young leaves on shoot some plants wilt and old leaves, yellowing leaves bottom. Control: field sanitation, crop rotation. Prevention by use of Natural Glio on or before the beginning of planting.
Tuber blight
Cause: The fungus Colleotrichum coccodes. Symptoms: leaf yellowing and rolling, then withered and dry. Parts of the plants are in the ground there are brown patches. Infection will cause rotten roots and young tubers. Control: crop rotation, field sanitation and use of good seed. Prevention by use of Natural Glio on or before the early planting
Fusarium disease
Cause: The fungus Fusarium sp. Symptoms: bulb rot that causes plants to wilt. This disease also attacks the potatoes in the warehouse. Infection entering through wounds caused by nematodes / mechanical factors. Control: avoid the occurrence of injuries at the time of weeding and pendangiran. Prevention by use of Natural Glio on or before the beginning of planting.
Dry spot disease (Early Blight)
Cause: The fungus Alternaria solani. Fungi live residual sick plants and grow in dry areas. Symptoms: leaves small berbercak scattered irregularly, dark brown color, extends to the young leaves. Mark tuber skin surface irregular dark, dry, wrinkled and hard. Control: crop rotation. Prevention: Natural Glio before / early planting
Viral Diseases
Viruses that attack are: (1) Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) causes the leaves to roll, (2) Potato virus X (PVX) causes latent mosaic on leaves; (3) Potato Virus Y (PVY) causes mosaic or local necrosis; ( 4) Potato Virus A (PVA) causes mosaic software; (5) Potato virus M (PVM) causes mosaic rolled; (6) Potato Virus S (PVS) causes mosaic limp. Symptoms: due to the attack, the plants grow stunted, straight and pale with kecil-kecil/tidak tuber yield at all; leaf yellowing and tissue death. The spread of the virus carried by agricultural equipment, aphids Aphis spiraecola, A. gossypii and Myzus persicae, and Coccinella Epilachna beetles and nematodes. Control: no pesticides to control the virus, prevention and control carried out by planting virus-free seedlings, cleaning equipment, cutting and burning plants sick, vector control with PESTONA or BVR and crop rotation.
Note: If the pest control using natural pesticides can not cope with the recommended use of chemical pesticides. Spraying of chemical pesticides in order to more evenly and not easily lost by rain water add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.
3.6. Harvest
Age on potato harvest ranged from 90-180 days, depending on the varieties of plants. Physically, the potato crop can be harvested when the leaves have been colored, yellowish not caused a disease outbreak; stems of plants have yellowish (slightly dry) and peel will be very closely with the tuber flesh, peeling skin is not fast when rubbed with fingers.
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