Harvest of Cucumber Cultivation

Harvest of Cucumber Cultivation

3.7.1. Characteristics and Harvest

Local young cucumber fruit to vegetables, salted or pickled generally harvested 2-3 months after planting, cucumber hybrids were harvested 42 days after planting cucumber Suri harvested after being cooked.

3.7.2. How to Harvest
The fruit is harvested in the morning before 9 o'clock hour by cutting the fruit stalk with a sharp knife.

3.7.3. PeriodeHarvest
Cucumber vegetable harvested 50-10 days depending on the variety and size / age of the desired fruit.

Diseases in Cucumber Cultivation

Diseases in Cucumber Cultivation

a. Late blight (Downy Mildew)
Cause: Pseudoperonospora cubensis Berk et Curt. Infects the skin of leaves at high humidity, temperature 16-22 ° C and dewy or foggy. Symptoms: Pholcadot yellow and moldy leaves, leaf color will be brown and rotten. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.

b. Flour diseases (Powdery Mildew)
Cause: Erysiphe cichoracearum. Develop if the soil dry in summer with high of water. Symptoms: leaf surfaces and young stems covered with white powder, later changed to yellow and dry. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.

c. Antraknose
Cause: The fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium Pass. Symptoms: brown spots on leaves. Form of patches or slightly rounded-corner angle and causes the leaves to die; patches symptoms may spread to stems, stalks and fruit. When the moist air, amid patches formed pink spore masses. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.

d. Angular leaf spot
Cause: Pseudomonas lachrymans fungi. Spreads during the rainy season. Symptoms: Small yellow leaves and angled berbercak; on heavy attacks all the leaves turned brown Pholcadot gray, dry and hollow. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.

e. Virus
Cause: Cucumber Mosaic Virus, CMV, Potato mosaic virus, PVM; Tobacco Etch Virus, TEV; otato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV); Insect vectors are aphids Myzus persicae Sulz and Aphis gossypii Glov. Symptoms: leaves become dark green stripes and light green, crinkled leaves, leaf edges rolled up, stunted plants. Control: to control the insect vectors with BVR or PESTONA, reducing mechanical damage, remove the sick and the rotation of crops with no Cucurbitaceae family.

f. Scabies (controlling scab)
Cause: The fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell.et Arth. Occurs in young cucumber. Symptoms: wet spots out there that if cairam will dry up like rubber; when attacking an old fruit, formed a scabies. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.

g. Rotten fruit
Cause: The fungus (1) Phytium aphinadermatum (Edson) Fizt.; (2) Phytopthora sp., Fusarium sp.; (3) Rhizophus sp., (4), Erwinia carotovora pv. Carotovora. Infection occurs in the garden or in storage. Symptoms: (1) Phytium aphinadermatum: wet and rotten fruit when pressed, the fruit broken, (2) Phytopthora: a little wet spot that will become soft and brown and wrinkled; (3) Rhizophus: somewhat besah spots, skin fungi grown soft fruit , fruit easily broken, (4), Erwinia carotovora: fruit rotting, decayed and foul-smelling. Control: to avoid mechanical injury, post-harvest handling are carefully stored in a clean container with a temperature between 5-7 degrees C. And provision of Natural GLIO before planting.

Pests in Cucumber Cultivation

Pests in Cucumber Cultivation

a. Oteng-oteng or Fleas Kuya (Aulocophora similis Oliver).
Measuring 1 cm of leaf beetles with yellow wings plain. Symptoms: leaf damage and eat meat so that leaves a hole; in severe attacks, leaves living bone. Control: BVR or PESTONA.

b. Caterpillars Land (Agrotis ipsilon)
These caterpillars are black and attack the plants, especially the young. Symptoms: Stem plants roots cut around the neck.

c. Fruit fly (Dacus cucurbitae Coq.)
1-2 mm-sized adult flies. Flies attacked young cucumbers to spawn, Symptoms: eat meat and fruit so that the abnormal fruit rot. Control: Natural METILAT.

d. Aphids (Aphis gossypii Clover)
Fleas 1-2 mm sized, yellow or reddish yellow or dark green to black. Symptoms: attack the shoots of plants so the leaves shriveled, kerititing and roll. Fleas also spread the virus. Control: BVR or PESTONA

Plant Maintenance of Cucumber Culivation

3.4. Plant Maintenance

- Plants that are damaged or die immediately revoked and embroidered with a good crop.
- Clean the weeds (you can with the time of fertilization).
- Place the marker at 5 dap (days after planting) for plant propagation.
- Leaves that are too dense to be cut, performed 3 weeks after planting in the morning or late afternoon.
- Irrigation and Watering regularly conducted every morning and evening with the way in flush or flooded land for 15-30 minutes. -Furthermore, irrigation is only performed if necessary and intensified again during the flowering and fruiting.

Media Processing Plant of Cucumber and Planting of Cucumber

3.2. Media Processing Plant of Cucumber

a. Clean the area of weeds, grass, trees that are not needed.
b. Give calcite / dolomite (soil pH <6>)

3.3. Planting of Cucumber

- Flush with water seedlings in polybags
- Remove the seeds with the medium of polybags.
- Embed the seeds in the planting hole and make solid soil around the stem

Seeding of Cucumber

TECHNICAL GUIDELINES CULTIVATION

3.1. Seeding of Cucumber
a. Prepare Natural GLIO manure and mix it with cooked, let sit for 1 week.
b. Prepare a pile of fine soil and can be replaced SUPERNASA / POC NASA had mixed GLIO Natural (soil: pile = 7:3) and enter the polybag.
c. Soak the seeds in a solution of warm water and NASA POC (2cc / l) for 30 minutes.
d. Curing for 12 hours. Each germinated seed was transferred to polybags as deep as 0.5 to 1 cm.
e. Covered with clear plastic polybags and seedlings watered twice daily.
f. NASA POC Spray (2cc / l water) at 7 HSS.
g. After the age of 12 days or 3-4 pieces of leaf, seeds moved into the garden.

CULTIVATION CUCUMBER

INTRODUCTION

Cucumber production in Indonesia is still very low even though its potential can still be improved. For the PT. Natural Nusantara efforts helped to increase production quality, quantity and Sustainability (K-3).

GROWTH REQUIREMENTS
Climate

Cucumber on a variety of climatic adaptation is high enough, but optimum growth at a dry climate. Get enough sunlight, temperature (21.1 to 26.7) ° C and not much rain. Optimum altitude of 1000-1200 masl.

Planting media

Loose soil, many containing humus, good water management, soil easily absorb water, soil pH 6-7.

Harvesting of Seaweed Cultivation

Harvesting of Seaweed Cultivation

At this stage of harvesting must be considered an appropriate way and time to obtain results in accordance with market demand in quality and quantity.

Plants can be harvested after the age of 6-8 weeks after planting. How to harvest is to lift the entire plant seaweed ashore. Seaweed is farmed in ponds, harvested by plants raised and bred to be left a little further. Or it could be done by separating the strings with a branch - a branch of its parent plants, but this way will result in the obtainment little raginan and growth for the cultivation of mother plants will decline further.

If the seaweed is harvested at the age of about a month, usually obtained by the weight ratio of wet and dry weight of 8: 1, and if harvested at the age of two months will usually be obtained the ratio 6: 1. For Gracilaria species are usually obtained yields approximately 1500 - 2000 kg of dry seaweed per-hectare. Hopefully, with the use of TON (Pond Organic Nusantara) will increase by approximately 30-100%.

Maintenance and application of TON (Pond Organic Nusantara) aftershocks in Seaweed Cultivation

Maintenance and application of TON (Pond Organic Nusantara) aftershocks

During cultivation, the supervision must be carried out continuously. Especially for cultivation in ponds must be done least 1-2 weeks after stocking of seedlings, this is to control the position of the spread of seaweed. Usually because of the influence of wind, the seeds will collect in certain areas, if so should be separated and spread out evenly again in the pond area.

Water in the form of dust dirt (mud dissolved / suspended solid) is often attached to plants, especially on calm waters such as ponds. At that time, the plants are staggered - dangle in the water so that plants are always clean from dirt. This dirt will interfere with the metabolism of seaweed. Some marine plants such as Ulva, Hypea, Chaetomorpha and Enteromorpha plants often convolute. Plants - plants should be immediately removed and separated from seaweed in order not to degrade the quality of results. You do this by collecting it on the ground. Sea urchins, fish and turtles are herbivorous animals that must be prevented in order not to prey on sea grass. To avoid that is usually installed around the net cultivated area. For cultivation in ponds is done by placing nets in channel revenues and expenditures.

Seaweed Cultivation and How to Use TON (Pond Organic Nusantara)

Seaweed Cultivation and How to Use TON (Pond Organic Nusantara)

In carrying out the cultivation of seaweed, the first to be considered is the selection of the location of cultivation. Better farming area that is not cultivated in the waters of fluctuating salinity (salt content), a large and free from industrial and household pollution. Besides the choice of location should also consider the economic and labor aspects.

Seaweed farming can be done at an area off the coast and in the ponds. In the present discussion we will emphasize on cultivation in ponds. This is considering the role TON ineffective if waters off the (beach). For freelance aquaculture distinguished in several methods, namely:
1. Remove Method Association
Where this is done by tying seaweed seedlings on a string - the string that was set in a row - row in the territorial waters of the sea with a depth of 30-60 cm. Seaweed is planted in the bottom waters.

2. Raft Methods
This method is done in waters more than 60 cm depth. Working with grass seed in the rope binding - a rope tied around the peg - peg in a position like floating in the middle - the middle depth of water.

3. Hanging rope method
If the two methods over the position of seeds - seeds of seaweed in a horizontal position (flat), then the noose method is done by attaching seeds - seeds of seaweed in a vertical position (perpendicular) on the ropes - the rope is arranged in rows.

Use TON with three ways above can only be done by soaking seed system. Because if TON applied in the waters would not be effective and many are lost by the ocean currents. Seed soaking method is done by:
1. TON dissolve in seawater is placed in the container.
2. To one liter of sea water given quarter tablespoons (50-10 grams) TON and add 1-2 cc Hormonic.
3. Soak for 4-5 hours, and seed planting.

TON usage will be very effective if applied in the cultivation of seaweed in ponds. How to cultivation in ponds can be done with dispersive methods. The trick is as follows:
1. Ponds should be equipped with a channel revenues and expenditures.
2. Dried pond first.
3. Sprinkle the lime to neutral pH (0.5 - 2 tons per hectare depending on the acidity conditions of land).
4. Leave it for a week.
5. Apply TON, with a dose of 1-5 bottles per-hectare (for regions - areas of high pollution levels, the dose is raised), by dissolving it with water first, then spread evenly in the bottom of ponds.
6. Leave it a day
7. Add water to a height of 70 cm.
8. Sprinkle sea grass seed that has been soaked with TON and hormonic such as by soaking the above. With the density of 80-100 g/m2.
9. When the pond bottom hard enough, the seeds can be plugged in like planting rice.
10. Not need added fertilizer macro.

The function TON in Seaweed Ecology in The Cultivation

The function TON in Seaweed Ecology

Seaweed was first found living in nature rather than the result of cultivation. They were scattered in the waters in accordance with environmental needs. Seaweed stuck to need a place to support life. In the wild where it can be attached to dead coral, shells of molluscs, and may also be sand and mud.

Also in dire need of seaweed sunlight to establish the process of photosynthesis. Number of sunlight is strongly influenced by the brightness of the sea water. So that needs sunlight available in an optimal amount of depth in it shall be governed cultivate them. Depth is ideally located 30-50 cm from the surface of the water.

Seaweed photosynthesis process is not only influenced by sunlight, but also require nutrients in sufficient quantities both macro and micro. These nutrients obtained from the environment much water is absorbed directly by all parts of the plant. To supply this nutrient fertilization is usually done during cultivation. To help provide nutrients in optimal quantities and so quickly absorbed by the seaweed, it must be provided with nutrients that have been in a state ready for use (ionic). These nutrients contained in many TON (Pond Organic Nusantara).

TON (Pond Organic Nusantara), containing all the materials required for the growth of seaweed. Both provide a complete micro nutrients, also provides a macro element. TON addition will also improve the quality of seaweed, because it will reduce the pollution level of heavy metals which will also be absorbed by the seaweed. If heavy metals are not binding, it will come absorbed in the absorption process of nutrients from the seaweed, making it very dangerous for consumers. Given TON, heavy metals will be bound in the form of compounds and will be difficult to settle or be absorbed by the absorption process.

Seaweed growth was also influenced by the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity (salt content) and temperature. Oxygen content in addition affected by water movement is also influenced by the availability of nutrients. TON also so very important to support the availability of oxygen in the water. Ideal temperature for growth of seaweed in the range 200-280 C

With the availability of nutrients in the number of optimal and balanced environmental conditions because of the influence of TON, the quality and quantity of material - material that is contained by the sea grass will also increase.

In addition, the use of TON for seaweed farming will also help to bind compounds - compounds and elements - hazardous substances in the waters. Compounds - compounds and elements of this if adsorbs in metabolism system of seaweed, will disrupt the growth of seaweed and also will decrease the quality of the results. Additionally if the seaweed is to be used for food, would be very dangerous for the custom. The content of active carbon compounds from the TON will greatly help to reduce the compounds and elements - such hazardous substances.

Benefit of Seaweed Cultivation

Benefit of Seaweed Cultivation

1. Gelatin

Society in general knows that - so in the form of flour normally used for making pudding. But people do not know exactly what order - in order for it. Order - order is sulfanik acid esters of galakto which is linear and is obtained by extracting the algae species Agarophytae. Order - order is soluble in hot water in nature and does not dissolve in cold water.

Now is the use of so - so the more developed, which used just for food alone is currently being used in textiles, cosmetics, and others - others. Its main function is as pemantap materials, and author of the emulsion, thickening, filler, and gel-making materials. In the industry, so - so widely used in industry for the manufacture of foods such as breads, soups, sauces, ice cream, jelly, candy, sherbet, cheese, pudding, jam, beer, wine, coffee, and chocolate. In the pharmaceutical industry is useful as a laxative or laxative, wrapping the capsule, and mix ingredients printer tooth samples. In the textile industry can be used to protect the sheen of silk. In the cosmetics industry, in order - so useful in the manufacture of ointments, creams, lotions, lipstick and soap. In addition there are many other benefits from the agar - agar, as for the manufacture of film plates, toothpaste, shoe polish, paper, and canning of fish and meat.

2. Ragin

Ragin is a polysaccharide compound composed of units of D-galactose and L-galactose 3.6 anhidrogalaktosa linked by ties 1-4 glikosilik. Cash characteristics of each unit galaktosanya keraginan is binding cluster of sulfate, total sulfatnya approximately 35.1%.
Ragin almost the same functionality with gelatin, such as a stabilizer, thickener, gel-forming, and pengemulsi. Ragin widely used in food industry for making cakes, bread, makroni, hours, jelly, juice, beer, ice cream, and gel coatings of meat products. In the pharmaceutical industry widely used for toothpaste and drugs - drugs. But they can also be used in textiles, cosmetics and paints.

3. Algin (Alginate)

Algin is derived from brown seaweed algae species. This is a polymer of algin uronat acids that are arranged in the form of long linear chains. Form of algin on the market are often found in the form of starch sodium, potassium or ammonium alginate is soluble in water.
Algin usability in the industry is as a thickening, stabilizer, pengemulsi, and forming a thin layer of oil-resistant. Algin used in many industries in the food industry for the manufacture of ice cream, sherbet, ice milk, bread, cakes, sweets, butter, sauces, meat canning, jam, syrup and pudding. In the pharmaceutical industry widely used for the tablets, ointments, capsules, patches, and filters. Cosmetic industry for the cream, lotion, shampoo, hair dye,. And in other industries such as textiles, paper, photography, insecticides, pesticides, and wood preservatives.

Contents of Seaweed Cultivation

Contents of Seaweed Cultivation

Seaweed is commonly used is the type of red algae (Rhodophyceae) because it contains so - so, keraginan, porpiran, or pigment furcelaran fikobilin (consisting of fikoeretrin and fikosianin) which is a provision for foods that contain lots of carbohydrates. But there is also the advantage of brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Brown algae contains many pigments chlorophyll a and c, beta carotene, and fukosantin violasantin, pirenoid, and sheets of photosynthesis (filakoid). Besides the brown algae also contain food reserves in the form of Laminarin, cellulose, and algin. In addition to the material - the material, red and brown algae contain many jodium.

SEAWEED CULTIVATION

Seaweed (sea Weeds) who in the world of science known as Algae is very popular in the commercial world end - the end of this.

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Batal

Simak

Seaweed was first known by Chinese people think - about the year 2700 BC. At that time the seaweed is widely used for vegetable and drugs - drugs. In the year 65 BC, the Romans use it as a cosmetic raw material. But with the development time, knowledge about the grass growing lautpun. Spain, France, and England made the seaweed as raw material for making glass.
When the utilization of seaweeds in Indonesia is not known. Only when the Portuguese came to Indonesia around 1292 years, seaweed has been used as vegetables. Only in the period before World War - 2, noted that Indonesia has been exporting to the United States seaweed, Danish, and French.

Now this seaweed in Indonesia, many developed on the coast of Bali and Nusa Tenggara. Given the length of the coastline of Indonesia (81,000 km), the opportunity is very promising for seaweed cultivation. If you view the world market demand to Indonesia which annually reach - average 21.8% of the world needs now is the fulfillment to supply the demand is still very low, ie only around 13.1%. The low supply from Indonesia due to unfavorable farming activities and the lack of information about the potential of seaweed to farmers.