CHILI CULTIVATION
A. INTRODUCTIONChili can be planted in the uplands and low, pH 5-6. Chili raise confronted with various problems (risks), among others, technical cultivation, lack of elements, pests and diseases, etc..
PT. Natural Nusantara (NASA) seeks to help solve the problem, so an increase in chilli production in quantity, quality and sustainability (K-3), so that farmers can compete in the era of free markets.
B. PHASE PRA-PLANTING
1. Land Treatment
Sprinkle · manure dose -1 0.5 tons / 1000 m2
· Diluku then digaru (let + 1 week)
Given Dolomite · of 0.25 tons / 1000 m2
Created · bed width 100 cm and 80 cm wide trench
Pour SUPER · NASA (1 bt) / NASA (1-2 bt)
- Super Nasa: 1 BTL dissolved in 3 liters of water (so the mother liquor). Each 50 liter of water add 200 cc of mother liquor.
Or one yells (+ 10 liters) were given 1 tablespoon pressed SUPER NASA and pour into bed + 50-10 m.
- NASA: one yells (+ 10 liters) were given 2-4 closed NASA and pour into the bed along + 50-10 meters.
· Mix GLIO 100-200 grams (1-2 packs) with 50-100 kg of manure, to let a week and distribute them to bed.
· Beds closed and perforated plastic mulch, planting distance of 60 cm x 70 cm zig zag pattern (leave + 1-2 weeks).
2. Seed
· Needs per 1000 m2 of 1 to 1.25 sachet Natural -10 or CK CK-11 and Natural CS-20, CB-30
· Seeds soaked with NASA POC dosage of 0.5 - 1 closed / liter of warm water and then diperam overnight.
C. PHASE seedbed (0-30 DAYS)
1. Nursery Preparation
· Seedbed facing east direction with a plastic or a thatched roof shelter.
· Media grew out of a mixture of soil and manure or compost that has been filtered, the ratio of 3: 1. Manure before using it mixed with GLIO 100 gr in 25-50 kg of manure and settling for + a week. Media included polybag seedling size 4 x 6 cm or banana leaf cone.
2. Seeding
· Chilli seeds placed one by one each polybag, then closed layer of soil + manure that has been filtered mature
NASA POC · Spray 1-2 doses TTP / tank ages 10, 17 HSS
· Watering is done every day in the morning or late afternoon to keep the humidity
3. Observations Pests & Diseases
a. Disease
· Fall seeding (dumping off), because the symptoms are drooping plant stem rot, caused by fungi Phytium sp. & Rhizoctonia sp. How to control: plant who attacked discarded along with the land, regulate humidity by reducing shading and watering, if high attack flush GLIO 1 tablespoon (± 10 g) per 10 liters of water.
· Dew fur, characterized by patches of chlorosis on the leaf surface with a hairy or fungi Peronospora kotil attributable Parasitica. How to cope with diseases such as fall seeding.
· Team Virus, symptoms are stunted seedling growth and leaf mosaic or a pale color. Symptoms occur more clearly after the plant more than two weeks old. How to overcome; infected seedlings lifted and burned, spray with a viral vector or PESTONA BVR.
b. H a m a
· Peach Leaf Lice (aphid sp.), Notice the bottom leaf surfaces or folds
shoot leaves, peach aphids usually hide under leaves. Finger presses on with lice colonies found, spray with BVR or PESTONA.
Pests Thrip · parvispinus, crinkled leaves attack symptoms and blotch leaf chlorosis due to fluid being sucked, bottom layer of colored leaves such as silver or copper. Colonies usually hang below the leaves. Observations in the morning or late afternoon because the pests will be out on time shade. Spray with a severe attack or PESTONA BVR to reduce the spread.
· Pests Mites (Polyphagotarsonemus Pilate). Attack symptoms brownish yellow leaf roll twisted along the bone to the bottom of the leaf. Shoot falling so thick and living stems and branches. Notice the young leaves, roll up and harden when attacked by mites that mark. How to overcome as in Aphis and Thrip
D. PHASE planting
1. Seed Selection
· Select seedlings of uniform, healthy, strong and grow smoothly
· Seedlings have 5-6 leaves (age 21-30 days)
2. How to Plant
· When planting in the morning or late afternoon, when the delayed heat.
· Removable plastic polybags
· Once planting is completed, the plants watered direct / NASA POC sprayed 3-4 cap / tank.
3. Observations Pests
· Silkworm Land (Agrotis ipsilon), an active night for copulation, feeding and spawning grounds. Caterpillars eat young plants by cutting the stem or petiole. Daytime hiding in the soil around affected plants. Each caterpillar was collected and then found murdered, spray with heavy attacks or VIREXI PESTONA
· Grayak Caterpillars (Spodoptera litura and S. exigua),
Characteristic of newly hatched larvae / young green with black spots on either side of the abdomen / body caterpillars, there are patches of triangles on the back (like a crescent moon). Symptoms of the attack, the larvae eat the meat of lower leaves and fruit with damage in the form of rash or large holes. Severe attacks, leaves, chili and have left bare twigs only. Eggs were collected and destroyed, mow the grass around the plants used for concealment. Spray with VITURA, VIREXI or PESTONA.
· Snail / slug. Eat plants, mainly in the evenings. Wanted in the vicinity of cropping (sometimes under the mulch) and throw out the area.
E. PLANT MANAGEMENT PHASE (70-70 DAP)
1. Watering can be done with every plant or inundation irrigation if it feels dry.
2. Fertilization through irrigation done once a week every hole. leaking fertilizer is the ratio of macro Urea fertilizer mixture: SP 36: KCl: NASA = (250: 250: 250) g in 50 liters (one cask) solution. Given the age of 1-4 weeks of doses of 250 cc / hole, while the age of 5-12 weeks with a comparison of macro fertilizer Urea: TSP: KCl: NASA = (500: 250: 250) g in 50 liters of water, with a dose of 500 cc / hole.
The total requirement of fertilizer macro 1000 m2:
Note:
- Age 1-4 mg four times the application (± 7 vat / application)
- Age 5-12 mg eight times the application (± 14 cans / applications)
3. NASA POC Spraying plants with a dose of 3-5 to cap / tank at the age of 10, 20, and then at the age of 30, 40 and 50 HST NASA POC + Hormonik dose 1-2 cap / tank.
4. Perempelan, reserving 2-3 main branches / production from age 15-30 hr.
5. Observations Pests and Diseases
· Spodoptera litura / Silkworm grayak View next.
· Fleas - communion (Aphis, Thrips, Mites), see the nursery phase.
· Wilt disease, caused by several fungi such as Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia Phytium. Symptoms of attack plants suddenly wilt, dry up and fall leaves. Crops withered and destroyed to reduce the spread, spread GLIO
· Disease Leaf spots, Cercospora capsici. This fungus attacks during the rainy season begins at the bottom of the old leaves. Attack symptoms in the form of patches in various sizes with the middle gray or white, sometimes the middle is torn or perforated. Leaves turn yellow and fall prematurely, lived just fruit and twigs. As a result the fruit is damaged due to sunburn. Observations on the older leaves.
· Fruit Fly (Dacus dorsalis), symptoms of an attack that already contain maggots fruit will become porous because it edible, fallen fruit often young or change its shape. Fruit holes allow easy entry of bacteria that rot the fruit moist. As a vector Antraknose. Observations aimed at the chilli fruit rot, collect and destroy. Fruit fly traps are monitored with active barium Methyl Eugenol 40 fruits / ha
Fruit Rot Diseases · Antraknosa (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), symptoms at first attack patches or spots on the rotting fruit widened and developed into the color orange, gray or black. The middle spot visible circumferential lines of black spot spores. Heavy attack causes all parts of dried fruit. Observations were made on red fruit and dark green. Attacked and destroyed fruit collected at harvest time are separated. Heavy attack with GLIO sebari under crops.
F. HARVEST AND POST HARVEST PHASE
1. Harvesting
Harvest · first around the age of 60-75 days
Harvest · second and so on 2-3 days with a total harvest could reach 30-40 times or more depending on elevation and cultivation way
· After picking the three sprayed with NASA POC + Hormonik and fertilized with the above comparison, the dose of 500 cc / ph
2. How to harvest:
· Sorting done since the land
Store in a sheltered ·
3. Observations Pests & Diseases
· Collect and destroy rotten fruit / damaged
- Age 1-4 mg four times the application (± 7 vat / application)
- Age 5-12 mg eight times the application (± 14 cans / applications)
3. NASA POC Spraying plants with a dose of 3-5 to cap / tank at the age of 10, 20, and then at the age of 30, 40 and 50 HST NASA POC + Hormonik dose 1-2 cap / tank.
4. Perempelan, reserving 2-3 main branches / production from age 15-30 hr.
5. Observations Pests and Diseases
· Spodoptera litura / Silkworm grayak View next.
· Fleas - communion (Aphis, Thrips, Mites), see the nursery phase.
· Wilt disease, caused by several fungi such as Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia Phytium. Symptoms of attack plants suddenly wilt, dry up and fall leaves. Crops withered and destroyed to reduce the spread, spread GLIO
· Disease Leaf spots, Cercospora capsici. This fungus attacks during the rainy season begins at the bottom of the old leaves. Attack symptoms in the form of patches in various sizes with the middle gray or white, sometimes the middle is torn or perforated. Leaves turn yellow and fall prematurely, lived just fruit and twigs. As a result the fruit is damaged due to sunburn. Observations on the older leaves.
· Fruit Fly (Dacus dorsalis), symptoms of an attack that already contain maggots fruit will become porous because it edible, fallen fruit often young or change its shape. Fruit holes allow easy entry of bacteria that rot the fruit moist. As a vector Antraknose. Observations aimed at the chilli fruit rot, collect and destroy. Fruit fly traps are monitored with active barium Methyl Eugenol 40 fruits / ha
Fruit Rot Diseases · Antraknosa (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), symptoms at first attack patches or spots on the rotting fruit widened and developed into the color orange, gray or black. The middle spot visible circumferential lines of black spot spores. Heavy attack causes all parts of dried fruit. Observations were made on red fruit and dark green. Attacked and destroyed fruit collected at harvest time are separated. Heavy attack with GLIO sebari under crops.
F. HARVEST AND POST HARVEST PHASE
1. Harvesting
Harvest · first around the age of 60-75 days
Harvest · second and so on 2-3 days with a total harvest could reach 30-40 times or more depending on elevation and cultivation way
· After picking the three sprayed with NASA POC + Hormonik and fertilized with the above comparison, the dose of 500 cc / ph
2. How to harvest:
Fruit harvested · not too old (maturity 80-90%)
Harvesting a good · morning after dew dried· Sorting done since the land
Store in a sheltered ·
3. Observations Pests & Diseases
· Collect and destroy rotten fruit / damaged
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