Tomato Cultivation

TOMATO CULTIVATION

Tomatoes are an important horticultural commodities, but good production quantity and quality is still low. This is due among other things the hard ground, poor micro nutrients and hormones, are not balanced fertilization, pest and diseases, the influence of weather and climate, and farmers' cultivation technical
PT. Natural Nusantara seeks to help farmers in increasing production quantity and quality while maintaining environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3), so that farmers can compete in the era of free trade.

A. PHASE PREPLANTING
1. " onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Growing Conditions>
- Tomatoes can be planted in lowland / upland
- The soil loose, and fertile, a little clay containing sand and a pH between 5 to 6
- Rainfall 750-1250 mm / year, high rainfall can hamper persarian.
- High relative humidity around 25% will stimulate the growth of young plants for the assimilation of CO2 for the better through the stomata are open more, but will also stimulate nuisance plants and microorganisms are harmful to plants

2. Planting Pattern
- Plants are recommended are corn, rice, sorghum, cabbage and beans
- Suggested planting or intercropping system during the plant to provide conditions that are less favored by the organism remains a bully

3. Land Preparation
- Select loose and fertile land previously planted with tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, tobacco and potatoes.
- To reduce soil nematodes in soil with water for two weeks
- If the low pH dolomite lime give 150 kg/1000 m2 and the average spread and stirred at the age of 2-3 weeks before planting
- Make 120-160 cm-wide beds for a double row and 40-50 cm for a single row
- Make a trench 20-30 cm wide beds with a depth of 30 cm for water disposal.
- Provide basic fertilizer 4 kg urea / ZA + TSP + 7.5 kg KCl per 4 kg over 1000 m2 beds, mix and spread with soil
- Or if you use NPK Compound Fertilizer (15-15-15) dose ± 20 kg / 1000 m2 mixed into the ground on the beds.
- Give NASA POC fertilizer that has been mixed with water evenly over the beds, 1-2 doses bottle/1000 m2. The results will be better if replaced SUPER NASA (dose ± 1-2 bottle/1000 m2) by:
- Alternative 1: 1 bottle of NASA SUPER diluted in 3 liters of water used as the main solution. Then each was given 50 liter water 200 cc of solution was to flush the main beds.
- Alternative 2: every 1 volume of 10 pl publicity given to eat 1 tablespoon SUPER + NASA for 10 meters water beds
- Distribute Natural GLIO 1-2 sachets mixed manure (+ 1 week) evenly on the beds in the afternoon
- If you use plastic mulch, cover beds in the daytime
- Leave for 5-7 days before planting
- Make the planting hole with a distance of 60 x 80 cm or 60 x 50 cm on the beds, 7-8 cm diameter 15 cm deep

4. Seed Selection
- Select resistant varieties and types Hybryda (F1 Hybryd)
- Seed leaf leaves 5-6 (HSS = 25-30 days after seedling) move into the field
- To reduce the initial stress need to flush old growth in the late afternoon the day before planting or in the morning (so moist)

B. PHASE seedbed (0-30 HSS)
- Prepare the planting medium is a mixture of soil and manure from 25 to 30 kg + Natural GLIO (1:1)
- Enter the polibag plastic or contongan banana or coconut leaves
- Sebarlah seeds evenly or enter one by one in polibag
- After a 8-10 day-old seedlings, choose a good seed, strong and moved in healthy place banana leaves or a mixture containing planting media
- Watering is done every day (see the condition of the soil)
- Spraying NASA POC at the age of 10 and 17 days with a dose of 2 cap / tank

C. INVESTMENT PHASE (0-15 HST = Days After Planting)
- Beds are watered the day before (dilep) first
- Ready for planting seeds aged 3 - 4 weeks, 5-6 leaves
- Planting afternoon
- Open plastic polibag
- Immerse the seeds in a shallow bar at the base boundary and backfilled with soil in the surrounding
- Finish planting directly sprayed with NASA POC 2-3 doses + cap per 15 liters of water
- Search plants die until the age of 2 weeks, how plants are dead, damaged, wilted or abnormal growth is revoked, then created a new planting hole, cleaned and then GLIO Natural seedlings planted
- Watering done every day until the tomatoes grow normally, be careful not to be excessive because the plants grew, not able to absorb nutrient elements and susceptible to disease
- Examine soil pests such as caterpillars and the caterpillars. If there are attacks by Natural spray VITURA
- Observe diseases such as Fusarium wilt disease or bacteria, and late blight, control by spraying GLIO Natural sugar mixed 1:1 ratio. Virus diseases, such as Thrips vector control, flea kebul (Bemissia tabaci), sissy (Aphis sp.), Flea peach (Myzus sp.) And mites (Tetranichus sp.) By spraying Natural Pestona BVR or alternately
- Place the stake as early as possible so the roots are not damaged stake impaled with 10-20 cm distance from the stems of tomato

D. Vegetative phase (15-30 HST)
- If no mulch, weeding and giving at the age of 28 HST same friable and aftershocks followed the provision gift fertilizer plant
- After the plant life around since the 1st week of planting, given urea and KCl with a ratio of 1:1 for each plant (1-2 grams), giving the plant at a distance of around ± 3 cm from the stems of tomato plants and then covered with soil and water flush
- Fertilization both be aged 2-3 weeks after planting a mixture of urea and KCl (± 5 g), give plants around as far as ± 5 cm and depth of ± 1 cm and then covered with soil and water flush.
- When the age of 4 weeks the plants were still visible not fertile can be cultivated again Urea and KCl (7 grams). Distance accumulation of stem made further (± 7 cm).
- If you do not need to use mulch and weeding and fertilizer supplement given by poured
- Watering done in the morning or evening
- Observe pests and diseases such as caterpillars, lice-alliance, withered and viral diseases, in the event of an attack such as the phase control of plant
- Spray the NASA POC (closed 4-5) per tank or NASA POC (closed 3-4) + HORMONIK (1 cap) every 7 days.
- Plants that have reached a height of 10-15 cm should be tied to the stake and every rising + 20 cm should be tied back to the tomato stems upright.
- Binding not too closely with the model number 8, so that no friction occurs between the marker rod that can cause injury.
E. PHASE generative (from 30 to 80 HST)
1. Crop Management
- If no weeding and mulch made gift second 45-50 days age
- To stimulate flowering at the age of 32 HST doing shoots picking unproductive once every 5-7 days, so stay 1-3 primary branches / plant
- Picking better morning scars picking to dry quickly in a way; end of the shoot was held with clean hands and moved from side to side until the buds break. Shoots are already a large branches should be cut with a knife or scissors, while the plant is limited picking height must be careful to not come last shoots picked so that plants are not too short
- The height of plants can be limited by cutting edge when the number of plants group of fruits reaches 5-7
- Spray POC HORMONIK NASA and once every 7-10 days with a dose of 3-4 and close 1-2 NASA POC HORMONIK cap / tank. - To not be easily removed by rain water and add the adhesive evenly Straighten AERO 810 with the dose 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.

2. Observations Pests and Diseases
- Caterpillar fruit (Helicoperva armigera and Heliothis sp.). Symptoms of fruit and dirt accumulated holes in the fruit is attacked. Perform collection and destruction of infected tomato fruit, spray with PESTONA
- Fruit fly (Brachtocera or Dacus sp.). Symptoms of esophageal fruit rot fungi and when the fruit will split the white larvae appear. - - As a agravator, namely as a vector of disease fungi, bacteria and Drosophilla sp. Collect and burn infected fruit, use a male fruit fly trap (can be mixed with insecticide)
- Rotten leaves (Phytopthora infestans), leaf and fruit spot (Alternaria solani) and antraknose fruit rot (Colletotrichum coccodes). If there are attacks by Natural spray GLIO
- If the pest and disease control by using natural pesticides (PESTONA, GLIO, VITURA) can be used not overcome the recommended chemical pesticides. In order to spray chemical pesticides is more evenly distributed and not easily removed by rain water add 810 AERO Straighten Adhesives, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.
- Bad end of the fruit. The tip of the fruit was black and foul circle. This deficiency symptoms Ca (Calcium). Give Dolomite.

F. PHASE & POST HARVEST HARVEST (80 to 130 HST)
- Harvest at the age of HST with the features 90-100; fruit skin color changed from green to yellow, the edge of the old leaves dry, yellow stem, in the morning or late afternoon while the weather clears. Fruit fruit stalks twisted until broken. Fruit twist done one by one and selected fruit ready to pick. Enter a basket and put in the shade
- Interval picking 2-3 days.
- To be durable, not quickly decay and not easy bruising, tomatoes harvested will be consumed fresh half-baked
- Container which is good for transport crates with a board and do not slam have gap
- Beware of fruit rot disease Antraknose, collect and destroy
- Tomato fruit has been picked, cleaned, sorted and then transported in packing ready for consumption.

Culinary Trivia 3

Wheat
Food items like burgers, buns, cookies, pastries, pancakes, noodles, doughnuts & bread have different tastes as they are made from different cereals & grains. Here is some more interesting information about different types of food grains.

Barley

* Wheat has been cultivated since 9000 B.C.
* Over 725 million metric tones of wheat are produced all around the world & China tops the list followed by India & US.
* Wheat forms the major ingredient of plenty of food items such as breads, porridge, crackers, biscuits, cookies, muffins, rolls, pies, pancakes & pastries.
* The principal elements of wheat flour are gluten & starch.
* Wheat is also used for fermentation to make beer, vodka & alcohol.
* Major cultivated species of wheat are Common wheat, Durum, Einkorn, Emmer & Spelt.
* There's over 30000 different varieties of Wheat representing 14 different species.

* Russia is the largest producer of Barley in the world.
* The World's total production of Barley is 136 million metric tones.
* Barley is extensively used in the production of Alcoholic Beverages & is used as an animal feed .
* There's as plenty of as 80 countries in the world alien to Barley cultivation.
* US alone cultivates around 150 varieties of Barley
* Barley contains 8 amino acids & eating whole grain barley can regulate blood sugar in our body up to 10 hours after consumption.
* Barley has the potency of combating plenty of diseases.

Maize

* Maize, popularly know as corn is the widely grown crop in the American continent.
* Maize contains 'lipid transfer protein', an indigestible protein which survives cooking. This protein has been linked to a rare & understudied allergy to maize in humans.
* US alone produce 332 million metric tones.
* Maize has around10 chromosomes.
* Maize is the principal ingredient in Custard Powder.
* It is said that there's over 3500 uses for corn products.
* Farmers can grow corn everywhere except Antarctica.
* Maize is used in products ranging from chewing gum to bathing soap.

Millet

* There's about 9 types of millets.
* Pearl Millet is the most important member of Millet relatives.
* India is the principal producer of Millet in the World followed by Nigeria & Niger.
* A Millet grain is rich in B Vitamins.
* They are used in Alcoholic Beverages.
* Thyroid patients should stay from their over consumption.
* Millets are widely used as bird as well as animal feed.
* They along with birdseeds are commonly used as fillings for juggling beanbags.

Rye

* Rye is used both as a food grain & a forage crop.
* It is used in manufacturing beer, vodka, bread & some whiskies.
* Russian Federation is the largest Rye producer in the World.
* It is a popular food grain in the coldest regions.
* Rye is a god source of Vitamin E, Proteins & Calcium.
* It is god for the digestive method.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Erik_R_Johnson

Cultivation of maize

Cultivation of maize

Alternative maize cultivation in the efforts of the global crisis is increasingly. Price Commodities promising. Here are the ways of maize cultivation.

preparation fields

• Land plowed 15-20 cm, and averaging softened , or no land for land if the soil/light.
• Net-worth of the remaining plants and vegetation bullies.

PLANTING
• Make the planting hole with a 5 cm deep Portugal.
• Spacing 75 cm x 40 cm (2 plants / family), or 75 cm x 20 cm

• Enter the seeds in the planting hole and cover with soil or manure.

FERTILIZING
• The dose of fertilizer: for that have been studied in Lampung 350 kg urea / ha + 150 kg SP 36/ha KCL + 100 kg / ha.
• Fertilizer given 2 times, the first 7-10 HST (200 kg urea / ha + 150 kg +100 kg SP 36/ha KCL / ha) :30-35 second HST (250 kg urea / ha).
• Fertilizer is given in the hole / running + 10 cm
• Besides the plants covered with soil.

WEEDING
• The first weeding at the age of 15 HST.
• The second weeding at the age of 28-30 HST, made before the second fertilization.

PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL
• Control of diseases with a white person can do: 1 kg of maize seed mixed Ridomil (toxic pest ) or 2 g Saromil (toxic pest ) dissolved in 7.5 to 10 ml of water. Whereas for pest control borers were given insecticide Furadan (toxic pest ) 3 G through the tops of the plant (? 3-4 grains /
plants).

IRRIGATION
(especially the dry season)
• At the time before planting 15 days after planting 30 HST, HST 45, and 75 HST (6 times a gift).
• Source of irrigation water can be from surface or shallow soil (well) pump.

HARVEST
Corn ready for harvest when corn husk dried and brown, shiny seeds, and when pressed with the nails do not have results.

Article Source: http://awalbarri.wordpress.com/2008/12/04/teknik-budidaya-jagung- ...

Planting Rice Fields

Preparation of Seeds and How to Plant Rice Fields
Healthy plants will only be obtained if the early growth phase:
1. Quality seeds available.
2. No major pest infestations in the nursery, such as rice stem borers, or infection by disease.
3. There are no pests that damage crops after seeds removed from the nursery and planted, such as mice and slugs pests mas.
4. No toxic gas accumulation in the soil or poisoning due to some excessive chemical that inhibits plant growth.

Healthy seed
Healthy and quality seeds will produce:
1. Seeds healthy, strong (high Vigor)
2. Seedlings grow faster.
3. Seedlings grow uniform.

Preparation of seeds
1. Use good quality seed or labeled.
2. Sort or separate pithy seeds (containing
perfect) from the seeds contain half. Seed which contains half will float on water which contains 2% salt or 2% ZA.
3. Seed pithy immediately rinsed with water, then soaked in water for 24 hours, and then drained and then the seed stored for 48 hours before the seeds dispersed germinate in the nursery.

Wet seedbed
Prepared in a way to make beds cultivated land has been perfect. Farmers have used to make wet seedbed. Although Thus, seedlings should be noted that not grow too close and for the seeds spread the nursery area large enough to seed grow strong.

Dry seedbed
In addition can be done on dry land, can also be done by
seeding dispersed in the plastic or other material, and rrigated regularly. Seed can also placed in a box (box) of wood, boxes plastic, or bamboo.

Cultivation
The factors that need to be considered in processing of land:
1. Availability of water.
2. When planting needs simultaneously to fit with the pattern in the local area.
3. Types and soil texture. For example, on the ground with a heavy texture (eg soil type Grumusol) of land will rapid silt up so inundated by water.

Age of seedlings
Recommended for planting seedlings as young as perhaps, less than 20 days, but must easily lifted and transported without cause damage to plant roots.

Transplanting way
On the way transplanting, the young age of rice seedlings stress is not as heavy as the seedlings age 20 days or more. Planting young seedlings are not recommended on
wet land with poor drainage, so at the time of planting soil inundated with depth is high or where the population high mas snails.

Number of seedlings
Just one seed per planting hole. If farmers are still not used to plant one seeds, farmers in the early stages can still be plant 2-3 seeds per planting hole. Rice plants in a clump of rice grown from seeds or 2 more will experience in absorbing nutrients competition from the ground. Competition in the absorbing nutrient does not occur if a family comes from one seed.

Spacing
Spacing adjusted to the conditions the local environment and farmers' choices. Distance the usual practice of planting farmers:
1. Tiles: 20 cm x 20 cm = 25 clumps/m2
2. Tiles: 25 cm x 25 cm = 16 clumps/m2
3. Legowo 2:1: 40 cm x (20 x 10) cm = 33 clumps/m2
4. Legowo 2:1: 50 cm x (25 x 12.5) cm = 21 clumps/m2
5. Legowo 4:1: 40 cm x (20 x 10) cm = 40 clumps/m2
6. Legowo 4:1: 50 cm x (25 x 12.5) cm = 26 clumps/m2

How to plant seeds directly
Seeds soaked 24 hours, then dried 12 hours. The seed planted in fields by means of:
1. Seeds sown evenly. Amount 60-80 kg seed / ha. How to plant like this in South Sumatra is known by the name "Resonant system".
2. Seeds planted in rows running in the by hand or with atabela (tool planting seeds directly). The number of seeds 40-60 kg / ha.
3. The seed planted in the grove just such as how plants move with the using atabela. Seed needed only 25 kg / ha.

Article Source : http://www.pustaka-deptan.go.id/bppi/lengkap/bpp08004.pdf